|
Tsunami disaster magnified by poverty,
imperialism
by Gerry Foley
Natural disasters like the Southeast Asian tidal wave do serve to
highlight the interdependence of the entire human community. The world
today cannot remain indifferent to the tragedy of the people living along the
coasts of this region.
Despite the capitalist offensive under the flag of “neoliberalism”
and its extreme individualistic ethos, the level of social consciousness
has not been pushed back down to the point where people will accept that they
have no responsibility for their fellow human beings.
Of course, capitalist governments offer aid under pressure of public
opinion, and then they dole it out with an eyedropper. That is well
illustrated by the
comedy of the “American generosity” acted out by the Bush
administration, when first it offered only $15 million in aid, then raised
it to $35 million, and
ultimately to $350 million—finally equaling the price of one fighter
bomber.
The world outpouring of sympathy for the victims of the tragedy has
fueled the rise of international scandals over the little and late aid
offered by the
imperialist and capitalist governments and their failure to build
warning systems or to actually use the ones they had.
Within 16 minutes of the earthquake that produced the tidal wave,
for example, the tsunami-warning center in Hawaii learned of the disaster.
Although it did not inform the civilian authorities in the countries affected,
it did warn a U.S. military base on the island of Diego Garcia.
In Thailand, government officials knew of the earthquake but decided
against issuing a tsunami warning for fear of upsetting the tourist
industry.
The Swedish daily Expressen reported on a story in the Thai
paper Nation, quoting one of the officials involved as follows: “‘We
finally decided not to do
anything because the tourist season was in full swing,’ the source
said. ‘The hotels were 100 percent booked. What if we issued a warning,
which would have led to an evacuation, and nothing had happened. What would
be the outcome? The tourist industry would be immediately hurt. Our department
would not be able to endure a lawsuit.”
About half of those killed in Thailand were tourists, the largest
single group being Swedes, so this story aroused attention in Sweden. It
remains to be seen if it is going to raise any questions about why Thailand
has become so dependent on Western tourism or what this means for Thai
society.
Among other things, the development of tourist complexes along the
coasts increased the damage caused by the tsunami in many cases and may
make its effects far long lasting since it led to the cutting down of the
mangrove forests that had offered some protection from flooding.
The influx of seawater now threatens to poison the soil deep into
the interior. And this is going to become more and more of a problem as the
sea level
rises due to global warming The Indonesian government is already
reporting the disappearance of many small islands under rising waters.
In Sumatra, which accounts for over half of the victims, a warning
probably would not have saved many people, given the crowded and
unprotected nature of the communities, as well as the closeness of the earthquake.
The problem was of a different scale.
Tragedies of the scope of the present one in Southeast Asia are
never really “natural” disasters. They are the result of a society becoming
irrational with
respect to its natural environment. The effect of imperialist
domination of the world economy is that large populations have been packed
together in flimsy
and disorganized settlements in vulnerable areas.
In the imperialist countries, when demographic growth began with the
advance of medical technology, the surplus population on the land found
jobs in the new
industries, and an industrial network developed, which despite the
anarchy of capitalism had to have some level of scientific organization.
But the imperialist domination of the world market prevented the
spread of industrialization to what is now euphemistically termed the
“developing world,”
with the result that huge concentrations of people arose without any
modern organization or facilities, agglomerations of people living on the
verge of
subsistence. For masses living in such precarious conditions, any
natural disaster becomes a social one.
Moreover, societies mutilated and distorted by poverty and the
structures it fosters are typically ruled by corrupt and ruthless accomplices
of imperialism. That is particularly true in the case of Aceh, the small nation
on the tip of Sumatra, which has been under military rule.
Aceh has a distinct character and a history of stubbornly defending
its independence. It was never conquered by the Dutch former colonial
rulers of
Indonesia but was handed over to the new government in Jakarta by
the treaty that granted independence to Indonesia.
In the last years of the Indonesian military dictatorship (which
established its power by slaughtering up to a million small farmers in
Java), from 1990 to 1998, Aceh was placed under martial law. Thousands of Acehnese were killed, many
buried in mass graves. This was accomplished with the help of
earth-moving machinery lent to the military by the Mobil Oil
corporation, which had installations in the area, and was helpful to the
military in other ways.
The natural riches of Aceh, which is a major producer of oil and natural
gas as well as valuable agricultural products, have turned into a curse for
the Acehnese people by attracting exploiters who despoil and oppress them.
There was a relaxation of the military pressure on Aceh from the
fall of the dictatorship until May 2003, when martial law was again put
into effect. Since
then, thousands of Acehnese have been killed, 500 schools have been
burned, and many thousands of Acehnese have fled, many saying that they
were forced to flee because they could not get enough to eat.
Now the Indonesian government spokespersons and some of its
imperialist admirers are saying that they hope that the Indonesian army
bringing aid to the stricken population will reconcile the Acehnese to
Indonesian rule and maybe even make them love the Indonesian military—despite
its record of mass murder.
Since the tsunami, Indonesian forces are continuing to arrest and
interrogate alleged pro-independence partisans in Aceh. On Jan. 2, the
military announced it had killed three members of the Free Aceh Movement,
who were “interfering” with the relief effort. However, some aid organizations
and refugees charge that the military itself has stopped shipments of supplies
from reaching the population.
A general pattern exists that where there is corruption and social injustice,
it is exacerbated by natural disasters. In Nicaragua, the inequities in the
distribution of aid to victims of the Managua earthquake and the
corruption of officials administering it were an important factor leading
to the success of the insurrection against the Somoza dictatorship in 1979.
In Aceh, this pattern is apt to be even more marked, given the
oppression that the Acehnese were suffering and Indonesia’s overall
poverty.
Every “natural disaster,” like the Southeast Asian tsunami, offers another
dramatic example of the increasing precariousness of human life in a world
dominated by the capitalist quest for profit and privilege
regardless of the social cost.
*This
article first appeared in the January 2005 issue of Socialist Action
newspaper.
|
