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Workers Employ Sit-Ins as Job Losses Mount Worldwide

by Andrew Pollack & Bill Onasch  / September 2009

 

There was a period of several months after Hitler invaded Poland of relative inactivity on the World War II European battlefield. Pundits called this the Phony War or, in a play on words with the strategy of blitzkrieg, sitzkrieg—a sitting down war. But there is nothing phony about the growing use of the tactic of sitzkrieg by workers on four continents. You don’t need lightning mobility to take control of a plant—just sit down and don’t allow any work to be done.

 

Here are some examples of this and other militant tactics recently used:

 

• Workers staged an 18-day sit-in at Britain’s only wind turbine factory to save it from closure. As bailiffs came to evict them on Aug. 7, crowds of supporters gathered and a new banner was unfurled from atop the plant. “Vestas, this is only the start. You will lose,” it read. The crowd was told that the fight to nationalize the plant and save over 600 jobs was not over. Vestas workers will go on a countrywide speaking tour.

 

Jonathan Neale, of the Campaign Against Climate Change, told them: “This is about these men’s jobs, this is about jobs all over the UK, and this is about the planet. What these people have done has changed the whole argument about wind power in this country. That’s a massive achievement.”

 

Vestas workers took inspiration from the March occupation by hundreds of workers at Visteon car-parts plants in West Belfast and Essex. Workers said they were given an hour’s notice that they would be laid off. After six weeks, management offered an improved pay-off deal.

 

• When the owners of the Thomas Cook travel agency announced that, after 125 years of doing business in Ireland, they were closing down at the end of August, workers threatened to strike. Cook then sent English managers in to close the offices, and workers responded with a sit-down. They were joined by two socialist city council members. (They were not joined by Sinn Fein.)

 

Workers, including a pregnant woman, were forcibly removed in a pre-dawn raid. A large number of supporters staged a protest outside the courthouse where they were to be charged. The judge who had ordered their arrest decided to release the strikers with no fine. In the end their severance package was slightly improved.

 

• At a plant in southern France owned by Molex, a U.S.-based car-parts maker, workers pelted with eggs an American manager sent to end protests against closure plans. The workers, on strike since July 7, were outraged to learn that Molex wasn’t looking for a new owner to buy the plant and keep it open. Two of the company’s French managers were “bossnapped,” or detained on the factory site, by employees this year.

 

In July, New Fabris employees in west-central France threatened to blow up their factory using gas-filled canisters unless they were given an extra 30,000 euros ($42,000) in severance. They received about one-third of that, in addition to the statutory 17,500 euros ($25,000) they were to get.

 

In April workers at a Continental tire plant in northern France ransacked police headquarters, blocked the work site, and burned tires. The workers won 50,000 euros ($70,000) in severance pay, plus their annual salaries until 2011, along with standard unemployment benefits.

 

Ssangyong Motor: Workers occupied the plant of this South Korean car company for 77 days to protest plans to lay off over a third of the workforce, regularly battling police and commandoes trying to retake the plants. Workers used giant catapults, firebombs, and steel pipes. After being forced to retreat building by building, they made their last stand in the paintshop and threatened to set it afire, which would have caused massive explosions. One last police/commando charge drove them out. The fate of the bankrupt company and its jobs remains up in the air. Ssangyong workers sent a message of solidarity to the workers occupying the Vestas plant.

 

• In August a Chinese provincial government halted the privatization of a state-owned steel mill in Henan Province, capitulating to thousands of workers who protested and took an official hostage. Three weeks earlier, rioting workers beat to death an executive who had been overseeing the sale of another state-owned steel company in Jilin Province. The privatization was postponed.

 

• On July 9, a dozen were arrested as workers from Quad Cities Die Casting plant in Moline, Ill., blocked the street in front of a Wells Fargo bank to protest the closing of their plant. The UE-organized workers were exposing the role of the bank in denying credit needed to keep the plant operating, despite its having received $25 billion in federal bailout funds. Their action was inspired by the successful sit-in of Republic Windows workers in Chicago last December.

 

Most of these actions were initiated spontaneously by workers on the shop floor. They show the ranks are often way out in front of those paid to lead. Whether they prove to be the beginning of a reversal of labor’s long, costly retreat, or heroic last stands in a rout, remains to be determined. If such struggles remain isolated, most will eventually be defeated as the whole weight of employer and state power is brought to bear. Without some nourishing victories sitzkrieg will whither on the vine. To win at least some will take wide mobilization of working class solidarity.

 

This means more than e-mail campaigns or passing resolutions, though such activities can often be a useful beginning. Ultimately, there must be mass mobilizations on the outside to protect those sitting down inside, sympathy strikes, boycotts, and civil disobedience on a scale to make crushing the strikes too costly for the bosses and politicians.

 

No letup in layoffs

 

Such mobilizations take on even more importance given the worsening jobs crisis and signs that the supposed recovery from the Great Recession is a fraud. “A Recovery Only a Statistician Can Love” was the title of a recent Washington Post article deflating the hype driving the stock market into a frenzied surge.

 

The U.S. unemployment rate fell to 9.4% in July, from 9.5% in June, and employers cut 247,000 jobs, the fewest cut in nearly a year. This led Washington and Wall Street to claim that the economy had bottomed out. Yet economists admitted that the unemployment rate would still rise in coming months to at least 10%.

 

But even the July dip came only because 422,000 people gave up looking for work. The number of the long-term unemployed—those who have been out of a job but looking for more than 26 weeks—rose by another 584,000. And the number of workers facing the expiration of unemployment benefits keeps growing. Some 30 million Americans—19% of the overall work force—are either unemployed, working part-time but wanting full-time work, or have given up looking for work.

 

Bob Herbert, in a New York Times op-ed titled “A Scary Reality,” noted, “The American economy does not seem able to provide enough jobs—and nowhere near enough good jobs—to maintain the standard of living most Americans have come to expect. The country has lost 6.7 million jobs since the Great Recession began in December 2007. No one is predicting a recovery powerful enough to replace the millions of jobs that have vanished.

 

The economy has fewer jobs now than in 2000, Herbert reported, “even though the labor force has grown by around 12 million workers. The percentage of young American men actually working is the lowest in the 61 years of record-keeping.

 

“This should be the biggest story in the United States. When joblessness reaches these extremes, it doesn’t just damage individual families; it corrodes entire communities, fosters a sense of hopelessness and leads to disorder.”

 

The unemployment that has wrought devastation in Black communities for decades is now being experienced by a much wider swath of the population. Yet the majority of economists surveyed in August by The Wall Street Journal had convinced themselves that the recession is over.

 

But The Journal itself reported that “the economy is still deep in the woods, not strong enough to support a long-running stock and bond recovery.” While financial doom has been staved off, said The Journal, “the market needs a sign of real economic recovery, and that requires a surge in consumer spending, business investment and home buying.” And, they conclude, that won’t happen because consumer debt levels have barely changed.

 

The Wall Street Journal also revealed the dirty little secret behind rising corporate profits in the face of job losses and weak consumer spending. Productivity has been rising, not because more is being produced; in fact the GDP shrank in the second quarter. Despite little new capital investment, U.S. worker productivity grew in the second quarter at the fastest pace in almost six years as labor costs decreased 5.8%, the biggest drop in eight years.

 

“Businesses squeezed worker input by cutting payrolls and hours. The net result: rising unemployment, stagnant wages, sagging consumer confidence—and better than expected corporate costs.”

 

The impact on workers was detailed in an excellent article by Labor Note’s Jane Slaughter, “Harassment: The Recession’s Hidden Byproduct.” Slaughter shows how the bosses are using the tanking economy to step up harassment and speed-up. As long as the employers can continue to squeeze more out of present workers they have no need to recall or hire.

This is typical of how capital gets out of normal recessions. But, as we’ve noted in past articles, this is no normal recession. And, in The Journal’s words, “what is still in doubt is whether this is a classic recovery.”

 

Meanwhile unemployment is overtaking subprime mortgages as the main driver of foreclosures. (This was predicted months ago by most economists, but quickly forgotten amidst alleged recovery sightings.) Economists estimate 1.8 million borrowers will lose their homes this year, up from 1.4 million last year.

 

The jobs crisis is also keeping consumer spending down, and even mainstream economists admit that without an increase in such spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of U.S. economic activity, no recovery is possible. Personal bankruptcy filings reached 1.25 million in the year ending June 30, up 34% from the year before. These bankruptcies are a product of the loss of jobs and home equity. Meanwhile, the unemployed increasingly are turned down for jobs because of credit checks revealing difficulties encountered because of job loss.

 

Personal income took its steepest dive in four years in June. The 1.3% drop reflected both the jobs and hour cuts discussed above, as well as the diminishing impact of the federal stimulus. All of this adds up to a vicious cycle of joblessness, foreclosures, and declining spending.

 

Neither the capitalist market, nor stimulus incentives, will produce stable, decent paying jobs, nor solve the crisis in housing or credit. We need government intervention on a more fundamental and massive scale. And it won’t come from a government beholden to the monied elite who prosper from our misery. We need a government that serves the interest of working people, one prepared to take over entire sectors of the economy and put them to work on things we need.

 

If we don’t start moving in that direction we will see more and more desperate people looking at the “populists” of the far-right for guidance. It’s high time for American workers to organize as a class once more.

 

Human Needs, Not Profits!